Behavioural biology of Kashmir markhor for sustainable rangeland management in the Hindu Kush region

Knowledge of wild animal behaviour can be helpful in effective planning and proper utilisation of rangelands by pastoralists and planners. Such knowledge enables herders to harmonise their grazing activities with those of wild animals, promoting a harmonious and sustainable sharing of natural resources. In light of research on animal behaviour and rangeland management activities, this paper examines the impact of behavioural ecology on sustainable rangeland management in the Hindu Kush mountains of northern Pakistan, focusing on the behaviour of Kashmir Markhor (Capra faconeri cashmerieinsis), an important species for maintaining the balance of the fragile ecosystem. An important component of rangeland management in the region is the identification and investigation of markhor behaviour, which includes sexual segregation, social interactions, feeding habits, migratory patterns, and territoriality. Livestock grazing activities in the region must be adjusted to the behaviour of the Kashmir Markhor to ensure the long-term coexistence of human beings, livestock, and wild animals.