Real-time monitoring and wireless transmission of meteorological and air quality data in the HKH

Robust air quality observations worldwide provide evidence that poor air quality can have adverse impacts on human health and the environment. These data inform policy and action to mitigate air pollution. However, such data are scarce in the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region (with the exception of India and China). To address the data gap, the Department of Environment (DoEnv), Nepal; National Environment Commission, Bhutan; and the University of the Punjab, Pakistan, in collaboration with the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), have established real-time air quality monitoring systems (AQMSs) across Bhutan, Nepal, and Pakistan.