A framework for monitoring biodiversity in protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures

Protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) are crucial for halting the global decline in biodiversity. To support evidence-based adaptive management in these areas, systematic site-based monitoring of biodiversity and conservation outcomes is essential. Biodiversity monitoring helps managers determine whether their conservation goals are being met. The framework outlined in this publication provides guidance for managers and site planners to develop comprehensive biodiversity monitoring programs, leading to better management outcomes.