Published April 7, 2026
Journal article

Global glacier mass change in 2025

Description

Glaciers lost 408 ± 132 Gt of mass during the hydrological year 2025, equivalent to 1.1 ± 0.4 mm sea-level rise. Since 1975, glacier mass loss has totalled 9,583 ± 1,211 Gt, equivalent to 26.4 ± 3.3 mm of sea-level rise, with six of the highest mass-loss years on record occurring in the past seven years.

Key points

  • Earth’s glaciers, separate from the continental ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica, experienced a net mass loss of 408 ± 132 Gt during the hydrological year 2025 (equivalent to 1.1 ± 0.4 mm sea-level rise) and a total of 9,583 ± 1,211 Gt (26.4 ± 3.3 mm sea-level rise) since 1975.

  • In 2025, regional area-averaged mass loss was largest in Western Canada and USA, Iceland, and Central Europe, with the largest anomalies from the climate period (1991−2020) in Western Canada and USA, South Asia West, and Svalbard.

  • Regional contributions to global mass loss in 2025 were largest from High Mountain Asia, Alaska, and the Russian Arctic.

Additional details

Publishing information

Title
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment

SGs, AAs and Is

Strategic Group
SG1 Climate and Environmental Risks
Action Area
AAA Cryosphere and Water
Intervention
Cryosphere

ICIMOD publication type

ICIMOD publication type
Staff contributions

Regional member countries

RMC
Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, China, Myanmar

Others

Note
Published under the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS) Network, this research paper includes contributions from Mohd Farooq Azam and Shaar Johi of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD).