Google Earth Engine (GEE): Integrating Vegetation Indices for Agricultural and Forest Monitoring

Google Earth Engine (GEE) provides a fast, scalable, and cost-effective cloud computing platform for sustainable agriculture and effective forest management. This study uses the GEE cloud platform and Copernicus Sentinel-2 data for timely and accurate vegetation monitoring, crop health assessment, and canopy dynamics tracking. Traditional field monitoring methods are time-consuming and limited in spatial coverage. To address this, we processed Sentinel-2 multispectral imagery to generate cloud-free compos ite images and calculated ten key vegetation indices, including NDVI, EVI, NDMI, and others (GNDVI, NDWI, NDRE, RENDVI, SAVI, MSAVI, and NDMSI). The results demonstrate that integrating Earth observation technologies with cloud computing enhances data-driven agricultural and environmental de cision-making with high spatial and temporal precision.