The use of aquatic macrophytes in water pollution control

Ecosystems dominated by aquatic macrophytes are among the most productive in the world. Aquatic plants possess an outstanding ability for assimilating nutrients and creating favorable conditions for microbial decomposition of organic matter. This ability can be exploited in the restoration process of natural streams, lakes and wetlands, and in wastewater-treatment systems. This paper describes different types of macrophyte-based wastewater-treatment facilities, their treatment capacities and their potential applicability under different climatic conditions. Working experiences from Danish facilities are evaluated. The potential for resource recovery by harvesting and utilization of the plant material produced can be regarded as a step in the direction of a holistic solution, where waste products will be regarded and utilized as a resource.