Pakistan's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0)

Pakistan’s Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0), submitted in September 2025, outlines a comprehensive roadmap for climate action that integrates mitigation and adaptation across key sectors such as energy, agriculture, water, health, and industry. Despite its low per-capita emissions, Pakistan remains highly vulnerable to climate impacts including glacial melt, floods, and droughts. The NDC 3.0 sets an ambitious target to cut projected greenhouse gas emissions by up to 50 percent by 2035—with 17 percent unconditional and 33 percent conditional on international support—requiring an estimated USD 565.7 billion in investments. Emphasizing a “whole-of-nation” approach, it calls for coordinated efforts among government, communities, and the private sector, backed by global cooperation in finance, technology, and capacity building to ensure a resilient, low-carbon future for the country.