Nepal: Consequences of migration and policy implications

The dominant pattern of highland-lowland migration in Nepal is an indicator of regional imbalance. Increasing population pressure in the highlands and polarisation of development in the lowlands have contributed to larger volumes of this migration trajectory in recent decades. Most of the migrants are moving from resource-poor regions to regions with more land resource and employment opportunities. Inter-regional migration in Nepal has a positive effect on the economy both in terms of origin and destination regions. Large-scale out-migration from the highlands aids relieve pressure of population in depressed areas by proving alternative areas and avenues for livelihood. Transfer of population through migration to resource-rich areas has advantages in the destination areas too, in terms of fuller utilisation of resources. Expansion of cultivated land in the lowlands has contributed to the increase in overall food production.