2022
  • ICIMOD publication

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Towards an environment-and-worker-friendly brick kiln sector in Punjab, Pakistan - working paper

  • Farid Ahmad
  • Ghulam Muhammad Shah
  • Bidya Banmali Pradhan
  • Reshma Dixit
  • Summary

This report provides important insights into the overall situation of the brick kiln sector in Punjab province of Pakistan. Punjab hosts 52% of the country’s 20,000 or so brick kilns. Of these, only 7% use environment-friendly technology. A majority of the kilns are Fixed Chimney Bull Trench Kilns (FCBTK) and Moving Chimney Bull Trench Kilns (MCBTK), which employ a straight line firing configuration for baking green bricks. This configuration is highly inefficient in terms of energy combustion and consumption, and hence highly polluting. Modifying green brick stacking practices from straight line to zig-zag patterns increases energy efficiency and improves combustion while retaining the FCBTK structure. Every brick that is produced in a zig-zag kiln emits approximately 90% less black carbon compared to straight line firing. It is imperative that Pakistan’s brick sector adopts environment-friendly technology and evidence-based best practices as the brick sector drives many other sectors in the country.

  • Pages:
    45
  • Language:
    English
  • Published Year:
    2022
  • Publisher Name:
    International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD)
  • Publisher Place:
    Kathmandu, Nepal