This Framework Paper presents the Regional Cooperation Framework developed for implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in the southern part of the Kangchenjunga landscape, which includes parts of Nepal, Sikkim (India), and Bhutan. The Framework is the result of a long process that started with a pilot initiative on transboundary biodiversity management. It is intended as a guide, with provisions that can be adapted and applied to the individual countries in the landscape to achieve cooperation for implementation of the CBD at national level. Based on the principles of the CBD, and taking into account the national biodiversity strategies and action plans of each of the three countries, it gives directives on four constitutive elements of biodiversity conservation: transboundary biodiversity conservation, scientific and technical cooperation, information exchange and sharing, and regional guidelines and soft legal instruments; and touches upon the implementation mechanisms and identification of stakeholders and their key roles at local and national, and regional and international, levels. The paper discusses the concept of transboundary landscape management within the context of conservation of biological diversity and the CBD, describes the historical development of transboundary biodiversity conservation and cooperation in the eastern Himalayas and the development of the Framework, as well as presenting the Framework itself.