Transhumant pastoralism, with its cultural, ecological, and socioeconomic significance, is an important livelihood strategy for mountain communities. Despite its importance, transhumant pastoralism is declining in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region. This study examines the drivers of change experienced by transhumant herders in Bajhang, western Nepal, to understand future implications for transhumant pastoralism in the region. The study recommends developing an incentive-based mechanism involving herders and other stakeholders to address the challenges faced by herders.