The evidence for human influence on recent climate change strengthened from the IPCC Second Assessment Report to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and is now even stronger in this assessment. The IPCC Second Assessment Report (SAR, 1995) concluded ‘the balance of evidence suggests that there is a discernible human influence on global climate’. In subsequent assessments (TAR, 2001; AR4, 2007; and AR5, 2013), the evidence for human influence on the climate system was found to have progressively strengthened. The AR5 concluded that human influence on the climate system is clear, evident from increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, positive radiative forcing, observed warming, and physical understanding of the climate system. This chapter updates the assessment of human influence on the climate system for large-scale indicators of climate change, synthesizing information from paleo records, observations and climate models. It also provides the primary evaluation of large-scale indicators of climate change in this Report, complemented by fitness-for-purpose evaluation in subsequent chapters.