This policy summary looks at reported and possible, future consequences of climate change in the greater Himalayan region. The main emphasis is on responses in high mountain phenomena like glaciers, permafrost, and avalanches; the implications for water resources, ecosystems, and hazards; and how these threaten regional populations. The assessment points to a serious need to improve relevant knowledge in the region concerting key policy areas and strategies to improve the adaptive capacities of communities at risk.