This publication provides a valuable baseline on issues related to biodiversity conservation and sustainable development in the Karakoram-Pamir region of China and Pakistan. The report provides an overview of available information on the major features of the landscape, its ecosystems and biodiversity, and the socioeconomic and cultural situation. It was compiled through the efforts of many scientists and stakeholders in the two countries. The information is intended to support the development of a conservation strategy and associated comprehensive environmental monitoring action plan for the landscape, as well as being useful in the formulation of national strategies and regional cooperation frameworks.