Biodiversity conservation is both an important ecological issue and a key indicator of sustainable development. The world's greatest variation in altitudes combined with meteorological and geological convergences have created some of the richest biological diversity in the Eastern Himalayan region; successful conservation in this area has both local and global implications. This publication focuses on the results of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) programme on Regional Collaboration for Biodiversity Management in the Eastern Himalayas and Models for Integrated Management of Himalayan Ecosystems. It includes information on biodiversity conservation in the Hindu Kush-Himalayas, the programme for the Tibet Autonomous Region, the people involved in biodiversity conservation, the features of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the evolutionary trends, and advances in biodiversity research and networking; fundamental data for the Hkakaborazi Mountain Ecosystem in Myanmar, including its physical conditions, flora, fauna, and socioeconomic environment; the management of Pidaung Wildlife Sanctuary in Myanmar, its changing history since 1913, and its possible future; and the integrated management of mountain ecosystems in Hongqiang, Chuxiong, in China, with emphasis on community-based conservation and development.