This literature review is a systematic exploration of the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation (D&D) in the Himalayan region. It provides a basis for identifying the policy implications for REDD+ programmes in the ICIMOD regional member countries and assesses research methodology implications. Understanding D&D drivers is essential to developing certain climate change mitigation policies and measures, such as those included in national REDD+ programmes. D&D drivers are constantly changing (for example, due to market forces, climate change, and other drivers) and therefore need to be carefully monitored over time so that REDD+ programmes and projects can adapt and continue to reduce emissions cost effectively.