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Precipitation records from 78 stations distributed across Nepal were analysed and all-Nepal (1948–1994) and subregional records (1959–1994) were developed
. The all-Nepal and regional precipitation series showed significant variability on annual and decadal time scales. Distinct long-term trends were not found in these precipitation records. The all-Nepal record agrees well with the precipitation records from northern India, while it does not compare well with the all-India precipitation record. The all-Nepal monsoon record is highly correlated with the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) series. The exceptionally dry year of 1992 recorded in Nepal coincides with the elongated El Niño of 1992–1993 and the Mount Pinatubo eruption. A remarkable cooling in the region covering the Tibetan Plateau also occurred in 1992, suggesting that Pinatubo aerosol played a major role in the drought of that particular year in Nepal. In other years, the correlation between the precipitation record from Nepal and the temperature of the Tibetan Plateau is not significant, while a stronger correlation with temperature over the Indian Ocean and southern India exists. This provides further support for the strong relationship between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and precipitation fluctuation in Nepal. The correlation is stronger between all-Nepal monsoon precipitation and SOI averaged over seasons following the monsoon compared with seasons preceding the monsoon. Copyright © 2000 Royal Meteorological Societ
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Book review: Sharma, G; Kanel, N
.R.; Sharma, N.K.; eds. 2000, Nepal: Missing elements in the development thinking. Nirala Publications, Kathmandu, Nepal.
An eminent economist of international repute while answering questions at a talk programme remarked that the economy of southern Asian nations are fragile and have a narrow base. He added that the foundations of such economies were further complicated by the fact that the foundations also have deep, gaping, unfathomable "holes" which make them all the more vulnerable.
The picture is apt in the Nepalese context, especially with the rise of corruption after the restoration of the multiparty dispensation in the country. While the corruption issue has always occupied a centre stage in debates, talk programmes and seminars, corruption unchecked have all the while steadily eaten right into the very heart of the Nepalese economy.
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Protest poets throughout the world have always been the nation's voice of conscience
. They have through history swayed governments, toppled dictators and changed political systems. They have always mirrored society in its various forms, and moreover, oppression in all its aspects. They have vehemently criticised and held up to ridicule the vices and corrupt practices of brokers of power and have in all earnestness, like true crusaders, taken up the responsibilities of restoring political stability, social harmony and above all the sanity of a nation
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Analyses of maximum temperature data from 49 stations in Nepal for the period 1971–94 reveal warming trends after 1977 ranging from 0
.06° to 0.12°C yr−1 in most of the Middle Mountain and Himalayan regions, while the Siwalik and Terai (southern plains) regions show warming trends less than 0.03°C yr−1. The subset of records (14 stations) extending back to the early 1960s suggests that the recent warming trends were preceded by similar widespread cooling trends. Distributions of seasonal and annual temperature trends show high rates of warming in the high-elevation regions of the country (Middle Mountains and Himalaya), while low warming or even cooling trends were found in the southern regions. This is attributed to the sensitivity of mountainous regions to climate changes. The seasonal temperature trends and spatial distribution of temperature trends also highlight the influence of monsoon circulation. The Kathmandu record, the longest in Nepal (1921–94), shows features similar to temperature trends in the Northern Hemisphere, suggesting links between regional trends and global scale phenomena. However, the magnitudes of trends are much enhanced in the Kathmandu as well as in the all-Nepal records. The authors’ analyses suggest that contributions of urbanization and local land use/cover changes to the all-Nepal record are minimal and that the all-Nepal record provides an accurate record of temperature variations across the entire region
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This article analyses the ways that errors in learning languages can be corrected and the attitude towards errors, from a linguistic and non-linguistic approach
. The author then examines an approach that is appropriate in the Nepalese context, especially where learners acquire English as a foreign language, where an error based analysis is useful
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