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The objective of the Tien Shan Ecosystem Development Project (TSEDP) in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyz Republic (KR) are to: a) reduce anthropogenic pressure on natural ecosystems and natural resources through development of sustainable tourism and increase of income of local population; b) earn incomes from selling certified carbon received as a result of afforestation in the Kyrgyz Republic and to share this practice in the region; c) increase income of rural population by means of wood and non-wood forest products and incomes from selling certified discharges received as a result of afforestation and foresting; d) reduce water and wind erosion of soil by creation of erosion-preventive and wind-protective forest strip by means of ecosystem approach
. Plant 13,950 ha of new forests to reduce erosion of soil, prevent avalanches and mudflows and decrease water logging caused by deteriorated drainage systems; and e) increase financial sustainability of the State Agency for Environment Protection and Forestry (SAEPF) under the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic and Aiyl Okmotus (AO) thanks to revenue generated by carbon trading.
Negative impacts include:
i) effect from small-scale construction works at specially protected natural areas (improvement of roads, reconstruction of buildings, irrigation infrastructure, and etc.);
ii) long-term demand for irrigation in areas with scarce water resources;
iii) increase of fire hazard;
iv) non-regulated usage of pesticides and herbicides;
v) access to pasture areas, reduction of existing pastures; and
vi) allergic risks.
Mitigation measures of the project are:
1) all contracts for construction works should meet standards on environment protection, health and safety required by legislation of the KR and World Bank (WB) procedures;
2) TSEDP project will ensure corresponding trainings for forestry personnel and participants of the project on creation of plantations of fast-growing wood species and on training of integrated pest management, usage, storage and transportation of pests and other progressive forestry practices;
3) TSEDP project will prepare Strategy of Social Responsibility that will include: training programs for information, activity on plan development for making decisions on usage of resources, development of compensation measures, principals of joint participation in monitoring and evaluation; and
4) it will be realized selection of quick growing wood species excluding allergic risks from poplars. Selection of cuttings for seedling will be from males that do not cause allergic reactions.
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If development is to be effective, it needs to empower rural women and men equally
. IFAD-supported projects and programmes address inequalities by enhancing women’s access to productive resources and increasing their participation in decision-making. Over 30 years of existence, IFAD has placed increasing importance on gender equality and women’s empowerment, both as objectives in themselves and as instruments for poverty reduction. In IFAD’s experience, women can become a powerful force in transforming the lives of their families and communities when programmes acknowledge the specific needs and constraints of both women and men, and when women have concrete opportunities.
‘Non-timber forest products’ is a sector that offers great promise for women, but to enhance the effectiveness of poverty reduction programmes, opportunities for the greater involvement of women are essential. Obviously, they should be activities that can accommodate the constraints of traditional domestic duties and recognize gender differences in knowledge of natural resources, biodiversity and conservation. Recognising the importance of NTFPs in promoting food security and rural poverty reduction, IFAD has invested significant financial resources in this sector and is a supporter of the recently launched Global Partnership Programme on NTFP, which brings together stakeholders from the public and private sectors.
Through its programmes and projects, IFAD has accumulated valuable knowledge on how to encourage broader and more significant support to the NTFP sector and to adopt measures that enable women and men to benefit equally from its development. Women producers operating in the informal NTFP sector in developing countries face discrimination and many obstacles. This publication highlights approaches used by IFAD and other agencies to support women more effectively. It emphasises the multiple dimension of the challenges – in division of labour, differences in access to credit and market information, and environmental issues – and presents ways to expand the role of women as agents of change in this sector .
This publication is the result of an initiative by IFAD’s Technical Advisory Division to promote better methods of enabling poor rural people, and especially women, to benefit from the NTFP sector . It takes stock of past experience and demonstrates that there are many opportunities to invest in NTFPs in support of rural livelihoods.
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The Peppara Wildlife sanctuary is a traditional resource base for substantial non-wood forest produce (NWFP)
. Checklist of NWFP from the sanctuary is prepared on the basis of data collected over a period of one given month; it is subject to the season, availability, market demands and to the known trade outlets. Major items such as fuel wood, fodder and some medicinal plants have been quantified. The checklist includes products used at subsistence, local use and commercial levels
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Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) are being increasingly recognized for their role in rural livelihoods, biodiversity conservation and export values
. The market of NTFPs is expanding, and this is an opportunity as well as a challenge for a more sustainable, efficient and equitable management of NTFP resources. But unsustainable harvesting, inequitable benefits distribution and overall economic inefficiencies characterize the current NTFP practices. This paper seeks to review the current policy issues and their implications in sustainable management, utilization and trade of the NTFP resources. Policy issues have been clustered around 'inappropriate regulatory control' and 'inadequate enabling environment' for sustainable NTFP management and trade. These two categories of issues are dealt with in detail with specific cases and examples. By analysing observable economic, social and ecological consequences of such issues, implications for more directions of policy change are made for sustainable use and management of the NTFP resources in Nepal
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