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Eria annapurnensis L
.R.Shakya & M.R.Shrestha, a new species, and Gastrochilus calceolaris var. biflora L.R.Shakya & M.R.Shrestha, a new variety (both Orchidaceae), are described and illustrated from Annapurna Conservation Area, Central Nepal.
In Nepal Eria is represented by 19 species and Gastrochilus by six species. During an inventory of the orchids of Annapurna Conservation Area in central Nepal, the authors collected a new species of Eria closely related to Eria alba and a new variety of Gastrochilus calceolaris. Both these new taxa are described and illustrated in this article
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Dolpo and Mustang lie in trans-Himalayan parts of Nepal
. Present research has revealed the phytogeographic uniqueness and floristic richness of the area. The climatic barrier of the Himalayas is the main cause of the high endemicity, richness of flora, high aridity and rain shadow effect in the study area. A list of 1 forma, 14 varieties, 7 subspecies, and 312 species under 149 genera and 44 families of flowering plants of Dicotyledones were recorded from this trans-Himalayan area of northwest Nepal. Among the total species documented in the present study, 155 species were Himalayan endemic and 18 Nepal endemic. Similarly 71, 36, 23, and 13 showed affinities with Southeast Chinese, Holarctic, Central Asiatic, and Eastern Asiatic regions respectively.
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The study area covers the land from Jomsom in Mustang to Kagmara of Dolpo district in west Nepal
. It is typically high altitudinal trans-Himalayan marginal land of Tibetan plateau, representing trans-Himalayan ecology. The area is almost a dry place consisting of rolling hills and is dominated by alpine scrubs and meadows with various kinds of distinct patches of vegetation. The vegetation types are xerophilous, steppe formation and alpine formation with woody shrubs in the river valleys, nival formation (herbaceous and graminoids mats) in the open land. Majority of the study area is bare and covered by hanging cliff and the vegetation differs from other regions of high Himalayan area of Nepal but to some extent it resembles with that of the western Himalayan and the Tibetan marginal land because the area is the rain shadow of high mountain ridges like Mt. Dhaulagiri, Annapurna and Kanjiroba. Specifically the vegetation pattern of study area includes six types such as Xerophile formation, Alpine zone, Alpine scrubs (Dry alpine scrubs, Moist alpine scrubs), Alpine meadows (Dry land meadows, Moist land meadows), Scree vegetation, Nival formation and Agriculture boarder land vegetation
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The present study was conducted during a period of two years from 2001 to 2003 in trans-himalayan region form Mustang to Dolpa region of west Nepal
. The indigenous people were found to be rich in ethnoecological knowledge regarding plant resources. The locals categorized six types of ecological land patterns such as Nakri (forest land), Penhri or pangri or Thakri or dakri (land pattern), Sim (marshy place or wet land), Lung (agricultural land) and Khangri (Snowy land). The people also had the knowledge of plants in population level and species level and had their own way of classifying the plants on the basis of different criteria like presence or absence of flower, habit, habitat, morphology etc
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