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Environmental migration is not a new phenomenon
. Since time immemorial, environmental stressors have induced people to migrate. What is new is the growing understanding of the wider linkages between climate change and the environment and migration, and the implications of this for migration. A growing consensus suggests that migration is an important strategy in reducing vulnerability to environmental and non-environmental stressors through livelihood diversification. Although labour migration has long been a key livelihood strategy in mountain communities, there are few data available and little is known about the actual influence of environmental stressors on migration behaviour in mountain areas, or the impact of remittances on the ability of households to adapt. This report presents the results of a regional study of labour migration in communities affected by water hazards (droughts and floods) in selected mountain and hill communities in China, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. The findings suggest that for many households in the Hindu Kush-Himalayas labour migration is a potential strategy for adaptation to the impacts of water hazards.
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This case study is one of three carried out at selected sites in India, Nepal, and Pakistan to look at the phenomenon of migration, and the flow of remittances, in the western Hindu Kush-Himalayas
. A synthesis of the findings has been published by ICIMOD in the document: Hoermann B; Banerjee S; Kollmair M (2010) Labour migration for development in the western Hindu Kush-Himalayas. The publication presented here is the full summary of the case study carried out in Uttarakhand, India
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This case study is one of three carried out at selected sites in India, Nepal, and Pakistan to look at the phenomenon of migration, and the flow of remittances, in the western Hindu Kush-Himalayas
. A synthesis of the findings has been published by ICIMOD in the document: Hoermann B; Banerjee S; Kollmair M (2010) Labour migration for development in the western Hindu Kush-Himalayas. The publication presented here is the full summary of the case study carried out in the Mountains of Pakistan
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This case study is one of three carried out at selected sites in India, Nepal, and Pakistan to look at the phenomenon of migration, and the flow of remittances, in the western Hindu Kush-Himalayas
. A synthesis of the findings has been published by ICIMOD in the document: Hoermann B; Banerjee S; Kollmair M (2010) Labour migration for development in the western Hindu Kush-Himalayas. The publication presented here is the full summary of the case study carried out in Uttarakhand, India
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Migration is a traditional phenomenon in the western Hindu Kush-Himalayas, but has increased considerably in recent years in response to global changes
. The financial and human capital generated by migration can be used to support local development and thus help reduce poverty. However, in order to develop strategies that can help people benefit more from the existing migration, more needs to be known about the process and the way it affects and is used by society. This report provides a synthesis of the findings of three case studies carried out in India, Nepal, and Pakistan to gather information about the present patterns of migration and the flow of remittances at different sites. Results include the type, volume, and mode of transfer of remittances; the impact in terms of financial flows and the transfer of new skills; and gender aspects. The study made five recommendations: (1) Foster and mange skilled migration; (2) Make more financial services available in rural areas and build financial literacy; (3) Increase competition for remittance transfer and adopt new technology for improved outreach of financial services; (4) Facilitate the investment of remittances; (5) Address the feminisation of rural mountain communities
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