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South Asian cities need to adapt to extreme climate events and work with their inhabitants to develop strategies to move away from the current culture of producing and haphazardly disposing large amounts of solid waste
. Cities are facing increasing threats of flooding, waterlogging, and water contamination due to the following: • Unplanned urban growth and expansion of cities into low-lying floodplains • Indiscriminate dumping of solid waste in the drainage system • Intense rainfall events which can overwhelm cities’ drainage system
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South Asian cities need to adapt to extreme climate events and work with their inhabitants to develop strategies to move away from the current culture of producing and haphazardly disposing large amounts of solid waste
. Cities are facing increasing threats of flooding, waterlogging, and water contamination due to the following: • Unplanned urban growth and expansion of cities into low-lying floodplains • Indiscriminate dumping of solid waste in the drainage system • Intense rainfall events which can overwhelm cities’ drainage system
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AbstractStudy region The Thames catchment in southern England, UK
. Study focus Modelling with 124 years of rainfall, potential evaporation (PE), temperature and naturalised flow data. Daily rainfall-runoff flow simulation using current and three historic land cover scenarios to determine the stationarity of catchment response examined through three time-frames of analysis – annual, seasonal and flow extremes. The criterion of response stationarity is often assumed in climate change impact studies. New hydrological insights The generally close correspondence between observed and simulated flows using the same model parameter values for the whole period is indicative of the temporal stability of hydrological processes and catchment response, and the quality of the hydrometric data. Changes that have occurred are a decrease in flood peak response times, typically two to three days pre and post the early 1940s, from change in agricultural practices and channel conveyance, and an increase of about 15% in summer flow from increase in urban land cover between the first decade of the 20th and 21st centuries. The water balance was found to be sensitive to the PE data used, with care needed to avoid discontinuity between two parts of the data record using different methods for calculation. Long-term mean annual rainfall shows little change but contrasting patterns of variation in seasonal rainfall demonstrate a variable climate for which simulated flow is similar to observed flow
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Pakistan is vulnerable to hazards of multiple nature and their frequent recurrence in recent years has significantly hampered our goal of sustained economic growth by causing massive losses to lives and property
. Floods have been more frequent and damaging with substantial negative effect on our economy.
Although disaster management system is still in its nascent stage, yet we have made progress in mainstreaming disaster risk reduction in development processes, which will lead to greater resilience against potential disasters. Formulation of National Disaster Risk Reduction Policy and implementation of National Disaster Management Plan which includes strengthening of flood protection and early warning systems, is likely to significantly reduce flood risk.
Keeping in view the changing climatic conditions and frequent recurrence of unpredictable and extreme weather events during the monsoon season, it is critical that relevant stakeholders, particularly at the district level, are fully prepared to handle potential disaster situation. The monsoon contingency planning process has accordingly been executed through a bottom up approach whereby the district level authorities of flood prone districts, through the provincial governments, were assisted in undertaking their hazards and risk analysis, identify their needs, plan effective deployment of available resources and prepare their Contingency Plans for likely scenarios keeping in view the available long term seasonal weather forecasts. On the basis of provincial plans, NDMA has finalized the National Plan in consultation with all stakeholders, which will provide national response back up against situations which appear to be getting beyond Provincial/ Regional capacity
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Flash floods are among the most destructive natural disasters in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region
. They are sudden events that allow very little time to react, and they often occur in remote and isolated mountain catchments where few, if any, institutions exist that are equipped to deal with disaster mitigation. Flash flood mitigation is generally addressed by community-based organizations, local non-governmental organizations, or district and local-level staff in government organizations. But these groups often lack adequate understanding of the processes causing flash floods and knowledge of flash flood risk management measures. To support the training of planners and practitioners in managing flash flood risk, in 2008 ICIMOD published two modules of a resource manual which focused on community-based management and non-structural measures. This publication, the third module of the series, deals with structural measures. It presents bioengineering techniques, physical measures for slope stabilization and erosion control, and physical measures for river training. The measures described are simple yet effective; they can be implemented using local and low-cost materials with a minimum of external materials and technical support and a low environmental impact. The publication also presents the concept of integrated flood management as a component of integrated water resource management. It emphasizes that structural measures are most effective and sustainable when implemented together with appropriate non-structural measures. The manual is aimed at junior to mid-level professionals with a civil engineering background working on flash flood risk management at the district level
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This final report on Glacial Melt and Downstream Impacts on Indus Basin-Dependent Water Resources and Energy summarizes trends in increasing variability in precipitation, seasonal temperature regimes, glacial melt, and water supplies, and the risk scenarios for climate change and its possible impacts on millions of people in downstream areas
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It aims to stimulate regionally coordinated interdisciplinary research to provide critical information for policy and decision makers to plan and design water resources development programs in an integrated manner.
This report is produced by consultants for a regional technical assistance on Promoting Climate Change Impact and Adaptation in Asia and the Pacific (RETA 6420)
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This condensed report on Glacial Melt and Downstream Impacts on Indus Basin-Dependent Water Resources and Energy summarizes trends in increasing variability in precipitation, seasonal temperature regimes, glacial melt, and water supplies, and the risk scenarios for climate change and its possible impacts on millions of people in downstream areas
.
It aims to stimulate regionally coordinated interdisciplinary research to provide critical information for policy and decision makers to plan and design water resources development programs in an integrated manner.
This report is produced by consultants for a regional technical assistance on Promoting Climate Change Impact and Adaptation in Asia and the Pacific (RETA 6420)
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