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Reconciling the needs of people who depend on natural resources for their survival with nature conservation management is a burning issue in many parts of the world
. The emerging problems are approached by the concept of environmental justice, the struggle against the unfair environmental burden often placed on marginalised communities. This book traces the struggles of the Bhote-Majhi-Musahars – marginalised indigenous fishing communities who live along the periphery of Chitwan National Park in Nepal – as they tried to regain their right to fish, ferry, and collect forest products from the National Park area. Their struggle sums up in miniature the problems faced by many indigenous groups. It shows how individual resistance transformed into a successful movement, and how this movement then withered in the face of outside influence and a changing situation. It raises the issues of vulnerability to floods, problems of land title recognition, resettlement, and the decline in fish populations, and rights to indigenous knowledge. Most of all it provides an example of one small group –¬ their trials, tribulations, imperfections, successes, and failures – and how they are confronting a situation shared by many others caught up in the parks/people conflict
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This report for Nepal - Resilience amidst conflict, focuses on determinants of growth and income poverty, achievements and challenges in improving human capital (education, health, and child nutrition) and on understanding inequality and exclusion
. It uses data from the two rounds of the nationally representative Nepal Living Standards Survey carried out in 1995-96 and 2003-04. The surveys were conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) with technical assistance from the World Bank using the Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) methodology. Data from the 1991 and 2001 population censuses and the 1996 and 2001 Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys were used to supplement the analysis
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