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This article examines the historical evolution of participatory water management in coastal Bangladesh
. Three major shifts are identified: first, from indigenous local systems managed by landlords to centralized government agencies in the 1960s; second, from top-down engineering solutions to small-scale projects and people’s participation in the 1970s and 1980s; and third, towards depoliticized community-based water management since the 1990s. While donor requirements for community participation in water projects have resulted in the creation of ‘depoliticized’ water management organizations, there are now increasing demands for involvement of politically elected local government institutions in water management by local communities
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Several participatory forest management approaches have emerged in different countries in South Asia in the effort to develop an effective institutional framework and mechanisms for the management of forest resources
. These different approaches have different features, characteristics, and degrees of participation by local forest users, and thus different implications for the management of forest resources and the livelihoods of forest-dependent people. This discussion paper makes an attempt to analyse the four participatory forest management approaches adopted in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Nepal on the basis of primary and secondary information The models are compared and contrasted using specific criteria such as level of institutionalisation, tenurial security, degree and quality of local participation, decision-making authority, rights and obligations of stakeholders, benefit sharing arrangements, and actual practices. Measures to overcome weaknesses and to promote participatory forest management are suggested
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For most governments and planners in the region, planning, programming, and policy making has often been done with only the perspective of the plains
. This compendium of selected policy papers, the result of a regional policy workshop that brought together policy makers and development practitioners in the region in 2006, tackles a variety of mountain issues and themes from the perspective of policy. Taken collectively, the papers offer a framework and a lens with which to review policies, government programmes, and development interventions and incorporate the mountain perspective in them. The book discusses policy options in the conservation and management of natural resources, fair trade in natural resources and mountain niche products, innovative mechanisms for payment for environmental services provided by mountain dwellers, increased equity of access over mountain resources among mountain people, and provides a wealth of perspectives for governments, policy makers, and development practitioners in mountain areas in the region and beyond to ponder and seriously consider. A more complete CD version includes all the other papers read and discussed during the regional policy workshop in 2006
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