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Kargel, J. S.; Leonard, G. J.; Shugar, D. H.; Haritashya, U. K.; Bevington, A.; Fielding, E. J.; Fujita, K.; Geertsema, M.; Miles, E. S.; Steiner, J.; Anderson, E.; Bajracharya, S.; Bawden, G. W.; Breashears, D. F.; Byers, A.; Collins, B.; Dhital, M. R.; Donnellan, A.; Evans, T. L.; Geai, M. L.; Glasscoe, M. T.; Green, D.; Gurung, D. R.; Heijenk, R.; Hilborn, A.; Hudnut, K.; Huyck, C.; Immerzeel, W. W.; Jiang, L.; Jibson, R.; Kaab, A.; Khanal, N. R.; Kirschbaum, D.; Kraaijenbrink, P. D. A.; Lamsal, D.; Liu, S.; Lv, M.; Mckinney, D.; Nahirnick, N. K.; Nan, Z.; Ojha, S.; Olsenholler, J.; Painter, T. H.; Pleasants, M.; Kc, P.; Yuan, Q.; Raup, B. H.; Regmi, D.; Rounce, D. R.; Sakai, A.; Shangguan, D.; Shea, J. M.; Shrestha, A. B.; Shukla, A.; Stumm, D.; Van Der Kooij, M.; Voss, K.; Wang, X.; Weihs, B.; Wolfe, D.; Wu, L.; Yao, X.; Yoder, M. R.; Young, N.
The Gorkha earthquake (M 7
.8) on 25 April 2015 and later aftershocks struck South Asia, killing ~9,000 and damaging a large region. Supported by a large campaign of responsive satellite data acquisitions over the earthquake disaster zone, our team undertook a satellite image survey of the earthquakes’ induced geohazards in Nepal and China and an assessment of the geomorphic, tectonic, and lithologic controls on quake-induced landslides. Timely analysis and communication aided response and recovery and informed decision makers. We mapped 4,312 co-seismic and post-seismic landslides. We also surveyed 491 glacier lakes for earthquake damage, but found only 9 landslide-impacted lakes and no visible satellite evidence of outbursts. Landslide densities correlate with slope, peak ground acceleration, surface downdrop, and specific metamorphic lithologies and large plutonic intrusions
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Kargel, J. S.; Leonard, G. J.; Shugar, D. H.; Haritashya, U. K.; Bevington, A.; Fielding, E. J.; Fujita, K.; Geertsema, M.; Miles, E. S.; Steiner, J.; Anderson, E.; Bajracharya, S.; Bawden, G. W.; Breashears, D. F.; Byers, A.; Collins, B.; Dhital, M. R.; Donnellan, A.; Evans, T. L.; Geai, M. L.; Glasscoe, M. T.; Green, D.; Gurung, D. R.; Heijenk, R.; Hilborn, A.; Hudnut, K.; Huyck, C.; Immerzeel, W. W.; Liming, J.; Jibson, R.; Kääb, A.; Khanal, N. R.; Kirschbaum, D.; Kraaijenbrink, P. D. A.; Lamsal, D.; Shiyin, L.; Mingyang, L.; Mckinney, D.; Nahirnick, N. K.; Zhuotong, N.; Ojha, S.; Olsenholler, J.; Painter, T. H.; Pleasants, M.; Kc, P.; Yuan, Q.; Raup, B. H.; Regmi, D.; Rounce, D. R.; Sakai, A.; Donghui, S.; Shea, J. M.; Shrestha, A. B.; Shukla, A.; Stumm, D.; Van Der Kooij, M.; Voss, K.; Xin, W.; Weihs, B.; Wolfe, D.; Lizong, W.; Xiaojun, Y.; Yoder, M. R.; Young, N.
The Gorkha earthquake (M 7
.8) on 25 April 2015 and later aftershocks struck South Asia, killing ~9,000 and damaging a large region. Supported by a large campaign of responsive satellite data acquisitions over the earthquake disaster zone, our team undertook a satellite image survey of the earthquakes’ induced geohazards in Nepal and China and an assessment of the geomorphic, tectonic, and lithologic controls on quake-induced landslides. Timely analysis and communication aided response and recovery and informed decision makers. We mapped 4,312 co-seismic and post-seismic landslides. We also surveyed 491 glacier lakes for earthquake damage, but found only 9 landslide-impacted lakes and no visible satellite evidence of outbursts. Landslide densities correlate with slope, peak ground acceleration, surface downdrop, and specific metamorphic lithologies and large plutonic intrusions
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Behind the official statistics, farmers, manufacturing workers, migrant workers, waste-pickers, and women working unpaid in the home all over the world are asking the same question: ‘What hit us in 2009?’
. Oxfam’s research on the global economic crisis in 12 countries, involving some 2,500 individuals, is combined in this report with the findings of studies by a range of universities, think tanks, and international organizations. The report reveals the depth and complexity of the impacts of the global economic crisis, and the vulnerabilities and resilience of poor people and countries worldwide.
Oxfam’s research presents a diverse picture, with pockets of export-dependent workers and industries in countries like Ghana and Indonesia devastated, even as national economies seem to be weathering the storm. While householders spoke of having increasing trouble putting food on the table, they did not make neat conceptual distinctions between rising food prices, the economic crisis, or the impacts of climate change on their harvests.
While this crisis has shown that governments’ spending on health and education certainly increases poor people’s resilience to shocks, so too does fiscal space, which may imply greater restraint in public spending during boom periods. This is a delicate balance, and one that is best struck by accountable national governments, rather than being imposed by technocrats in Washington, London, or Frankfurt.
The crisis has highlighted social protection as a development issue, and the importance of managing risk and volatility at all levels. It is not enough to pursue economic growth now, and social welfare later – the two must come together in pursuit of improved well-being. Poverty is not just about income, or lack of it; it is about fear and anxiety over what tomorrow may bring. This crisis will not be the last, but if one of its lessons is that reducing vulnerability and building resilience are the central tasks of development, then future crises may bring less suffering in their wake
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G20 leaders met for the second time in London on 2 April 2009, as the global economic crisis began to crash across the borders of poor countries with ever-greater severity
. Oxfam's research shows rising human impacts in the shape of job losses, falling remittances to the families of migrant workers and a particularly severe impact on women workers in global supply chains. Based on the latest forecasts, published on the eve of the summit, Oxfam estimates that the crisis could push 100 million people into poverty in 2009 alone.
Against this backdrop, how did the G20 leaders perform? After a summit, leaders invariably claim success, seeking to extract the maximum political mileage from their efforts. This paper provides an independent assessment of the G20 process and the three documents3 released on the day of the summit. It should be noted, however, that the true significance of many of the agreements signed on 2 April will only emerge over the coming months and years.
Our overall analysis is that the Summit itself could prove an historic moment in a critical year for the twin crises of climate change and economic meltdown. It could mark a global power shift towards the large developing countries such as China, India and Brazil, and the partial eclipse of the old G8 club. The decisions and declarations were, as with any such event, a mixed bag.
The G20 ended on a note of high optimism that the rich countries were prepared to dig deep to find a significant fiscal stimulus to help poor people and countries, and that the 'casino capitalism' of the last 35 years was to be reined in, and the vital role of states in promoting equity and economic justice be fully acknowledged.
The test of the Summit lies in what happens next, particularly in the crucial rounds of global diplomacy during the rest of 2009
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Political and policy decisions in the next ten months on the recession and on climate change will define whether our planet and its people are heading for a brighter future of prosperity and climate security, or a future of inequality, poverty, conflict, and destructive climate change
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If governments round the world respond appropriately, the twin economic and climate crises could prove a profound and catalysing turning point in moving to a more just, equal and sustainable world. A just and global green new deal could be both an economic and a political turning point that will mark the start of a new era
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A recent overview by the UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean reveals that the region’s larger economies have been significantly affected by the global economic crisis in the following ways:
- Reduction in both international demand and the terms of trade for the region’s goods and services
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Increasing difficulties in accessing international finance.
Strong pressure on exchange rates.
Deterioration in labour markets, investment, and consumption.
This paper reflects on the commission’s findings in relation to statistics from a variety of sources including the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and the Economist. It highlights the countries in the region most at risk from the economic crisis, documenting changes in their economic growth, trade and financial sectors, and unemployment levels. It explores what the policy implications are for the region’s governments responding to the crisis and the wider implications for donors.
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Our global responses to the recession and climate change are inextricably linked
. Political and policy decisions in the next ten months on the recession and on climate change will define whether our planet and its people are heading for a brighter future of prosperity and climate security, or a future of inequality, poverty, conflict, and destructive climate change.
This note argues that if governments round the world respond appropriately, the twin economic and climate crises could prove a profound and catalysing turning point in moving to a more just, equal and sustainable world. A just and global green new deal could be both an economic and a political turning point that will mark the start of a new era
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