This manual has been prepared as one of a series of four manuals for the various groups of technicians and professionals engaged in design, survey, feasibility studies, manufacture, installation, management, operations, and maintenance and repair of private micro hydropower (MHP) intallations in the Hindu kush- Himalayan region. the main reason for preparing the manuals was the felt and stated need of such groups for whom there are few opportunities and support is now recognised to be one of the main reason why such schemes are less sucessful than hoped. they are being designed, installed,, and operated by people who have not had sufficient opportunity to acquier the necessary skills.