Quantification of adoption and impact of crop and resource management technologies is complex, although this area of research shares a significant proportion of research resources. This publication discusses some methodological complexities in assessing the impact of crop and resource management technologies, and estimates the impact and spread of various components of a technology, popularly known as the 'Groundnut Production Technology5. Collaborative research by ICRISAT and the Indian NARS resulted in the development of this technology; some of its components are now used in Indonesia and Vietnam. The technology was developed in 1986, and widely tested on farmers' fields during 1987-91. The technology integrates various crop and resource management options, which includes land management, nutrient management, insect pest and disease management, seed management, and water management. Based on a survey conducted in Maharashtra, India, the study observed partial and step-wise adoption of different components of the technology that range between 3 1 % for raised-bed and furrow method of land management to 84% for improved varieties. In comparison to the prevailing technology, the groundnut production technology gives 38% higher yields, generates 7 1% more income, and reduces unit cost by 16%. The technology also contributes in improving the natural resource base, and eases certain women specific agricultural operations. The total net present value of benefits from collaborative research and technology transfer is more than US$ 3 million, representing an internal rate of return of 25%. The study suggests important lessons for research and technology transfer policies, and for development of future research priorities.