The Api Nampa Conservation Area (ANCA), established in 2010 AD (2067 BS), is spread over an area of 1,903 sq. km and borders with India to the west and China to the north (Figure 1.1). ANCA encompasses parts or all of five Rural Municipalities (RMs) and one Municipality with a total resident population of approximately 60,000 people, of whom 52 per cent are female and 48 per cent male (CBS 2014). The conservation area is named after two mountains in the area: Mt Api (7,132 masl) and Mt Nampa (6,757 masl).