Climatic trends in most parts of the world show a significant increase in rainfall, its intensity, and its frequency. The major catastrophe caused by these trends comes as flooding, which is hard to predict over the mountainous region of the Upper Indus Basin. This chapter outlines the nature of floods in the Indus Basin and their impacts. The chapter presents the mechanisms used to collect and process hydrometeorological data in Pakistan that can assist in developing flood forecasts and reduce the vulnerabilities related to flood events. It introduces the hydrometeorological observation system established in the basin by various organizations and the technologies that are used for data collection. These include a combination of modern hydromet stations that measure and report information automatically, as well as traditional hydromet stations that record parameters at predetermined intervals using manual gauges. The chapter also describes the models that are used for flood forecasting and the process of disseminating that information to the various users.