Landscape level approach provides ample opportunities, not only in conserving Nepal's valuable biodiversity resources, but also opens for bilateral cooperation with neighboring countries to combat wildlife crime, and illegal trade. Strong collaboration among various institutions, both vertical and horizontal, is prerequisite. As envisioned in Nepal's biodiversity strategy and action plan, holistic approach within identified landscape would optimize resources use, and thus contribute to sustainability. Nepal has already entered into decentralized federal structure, which also provides opportunities to effective participation of local governments and communities. However, benefit sharing of these resources would be an issue. In order to achieve Nepal's commitment to Aichi target, and also sustainable development goals, landscape would be an appropriate approach and effective development solutions to address conservation and development challenges of the country. Strengthening bilateral relationship, and transboundary cooperation between the neighboring countries, not only helps strengthening capacity of Nepali stakeholders and implementing agencies, but also suffice for collective global commitments.
