The Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH)– covering more than four million square kilometers from Afghanistan to Myanmar – is one of the world’s most ecologically diverse mountain biomes, with extreme variations in vegetation. It is also one of the most hazard-prone. Because of its weak geology, high seismicity, steep terrain, and intense and highly variable precipitation, the HKH is especially vulnerable to floods, landslides, and earthquakes. Currently, natural hazards in the HKH are increasing in magnitude and occurrence – a trend driven partly by climate change. While some of the factors in exposure and vulnerability are physical and environmental, other factors are socioeconomic. While both men and women in the HKH have valuable knowledge, skills, experience, and coping capacities, these strengths tend to differ by gender. When seeking ways to increase resilience to hazards in the HKH, policy makers need to consider five key issues: the multihazard environment, the close links between upstream and downstream hazards, the effects of climate change and variability, the challenge of connectivity and physical access, and the role of governance