China and India have a relationship that dates back thirteen centuries and today these countries comprise a bulk of the population in the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH), a mountain expanse from Afghanistan to Myanmar. China and India’s formidable scientific and technological capacities means they will continue to be significant actors in global efforts to address climate change and other environmental challenges. In this paper, Sharma explores the strategic points at which China and India can build productive partnerships, and suggests specific technologies and institutions through which this collaboration can be emerge as a leading force for environmental sustainability.