Annotation:::: The paper looks at the socialist market-oriented economy and migration related to ecological protection, and discusses experiences based on successful cases in other countries. According to the author, the pressure of population on the environment is the main factor that causes harsh natural conditions, regional poverty, and environmental deterioration. The implementation of eco-migration in certain regions proves to be an important channel for solving the problems of population, poverty, and environment. Using the method of documental study to assess some of the experiences from Europe, Africa, and Asia, the paper finds that eco-migration programmes implemented in those regions are recognized globally as having effective measures for safeguarding the rights of local residents in areas with harsh conditions. These programmes may have contributed to China’s effective implementation of its eco-migration programme.For example, in mountainous areas of Thailand as early as the 1970s, the Thai emperor initiated an aid-the-poor programme, which aimed to relocate the farmers living in northern mountainous areas with harsh natural conditions. The Thai government and banks invested in building orchards, beach farms, vegetable gardens, and agricultural product processing factories, and chose qualified young, to-be migrants to be trained for constructing those facilities. Their human capital improved and, after construction work, migrant households signed a loan contract with the government allowing them to avail of a three-year duty-free and preferential loan, thus truly promoting eco-migration in Thailand. The success of eco-migration in Thailand is due to the emperor’s concern, the government’s promotion, suitable migrant industries, and the spread of agricultural technology. This aid-the-poor programme has effectively stimulated eco-migration and development in Thailand.
