Annotation:::: The paper provides an anthropological study of the Hmong mountain migrants, and uses methods of documental and empirical study to explore ways of managing problems associated with the Hmong’s spontaneous migration in county K, Yunnan province. According to background information provided by the author, Hmong people have similar practices to mountain people and depend on nomadic-type slash-and-burn cultivation for their livelihood in China, especially in Yunnan province. With continual migration of the Hmong population in recent years, some forest resources and mountain vegetation of county K have been severely damaged and exhausted, thus making the problem of the local eco-environment increasingly prominent. In addition, the social problems associated with Hmong population’s spontaneous migration in terms of public security, conflicting interests, and social safety have also intensified, thus greatly affecting social management of county K. With an increase in the scale of this spontaneous migration, issues like Hmong people’s marginalized status in the place where they have migrated, comprehensive ecological improvement, and social management have drawn more attention from local government, NGOs, social elites, and other organizations.In analysing a large amount of available data, the author finds that it is mainly because of positive actions taken by multiple entities that the migration in county K has not caused significant social consequences. Unfortunately, management practices have not solved the essential problems of survival and development related to spontaneous migration by Hmong. The practices of governing the migrant communities are not supported legally and institutionally, and from the perspective of national governance, Hmong spontaneous migration contradicts the modernization process of the state. The value basis of national governance is in satisfying the needs of Hmong spontaneous migrants for survival, security, and self-development in the process of national modernization. In order to eliminate the contradiction between national modernization and the protection of interests of Hmong spontaneous migrants, the multiple governing bodies should reach a consensus on basic values, protection of civil rights, and improvement of institutions.
