Annual and decadal changes in stream flow have important implications for food production, hydroelectric power generation, and basic water availability. The Indus River, which is sourced from glacier melt, snowmelt, and rainfall in the mountains of Pakistan, India, and China, supplies water for a complex irrigation system that yields 90% of the food produced in Pakistan. Approximately 85% of the total discharge in the Indus River Basin occurs between May and September...
