The diversification of agriculture has been shown to provide a range of benefits in terms of household adaptive capacity. The integration of trees on cultivated land is a particularly promising form of agricultural diversification. This publication presents the results of a case study carried out in China, Nepal, and Pakistan which reviews the use of trees for agricultural diversification by communities in response to climate-related stresses as part of a larger project documenting local adaptation strategies to climate-induced water stress and hazards in the HKH region.