This initiative is a landmark South Asian initiative between China, India and Nepal in the field of biodiversity conservation and sustainable development in the Himalaya. The initiative naturally wacarranted a South-South cooperation approach as it related to an ecologically and culturally significant transboundary landscape. The most prominent South-South cooperation aspects of this initiative are related to scientific exchange, information sharing, and capacity building to develop an overall conservation strategy and long-term environmental monitoring mechanism. In time, the lessons learned in environmental monitoring of climate change impacts on mountain eco-systems could forseeably be replicated in other transboundary highland ecosystems to monitor the impacts of global climate change.