The Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region extends 3500 km over all or part of eight countries, ranging from Afghanistan in the west to Myanmar in the east. The total estimated population of the region is 210 million. The 10 river basins, including the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra which have their source in the HKH region, provide water to 1.3 billion people, a fifth of the world’s population. Rural to urban migration is one of the most widespread global demographic trends, and this is also predominant in the HKH region.