This document is a synthesis of the discussions and conclusions of the first ‘International Expert Consultation Meeting: Mountain Initiative on Climate Change’ held 23-24 September 2010 in Kathmandu. The Consultation, organised by the Ministry of Environment of the Government of Nepal (MOE/GON) and ICIMOD, was attended by policy and decision makers, national experts involved in the UNFCCC process, and representatives from academia, international organisations, and development partners from a wide range of mountain countries. The document identifies strategic issues and topics of significant importance to the global mountain community in the context of climate and global change, to provide a basis for raising mountain issues in the UNFCCC negotiations and Rio+20 preparatory meetings and Summit and provide the Mountain Agenda with increased recognition in these multi-lateral environmental negotiations and agreements. The document was prepared for the ‘Mountain Initiative for Climate Change Adaptation in Mountain Regions’ initiated by the Government of Nepal to provide a framework to bring mountainous countries together and build a common platform to support the Mountain Agenda.