This publication synthesises the findings of individual assessments of the impact of the First International Decade of the World's Indigenous People in ten selected countries of South and Southeast Asia. The assessments were carried out in cooperation with the Tebtebba Foundation in the Philippines, and were supported by the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). The book highlights some important successes of the Decade, including increased solidarity among indigenous peoples, and the development of the international tools to support initiatives of indigenous peoples as well as some enabling laws and constitutional provisions to enhance their access to resources. However, it also brings out failures, which include the lack of awareness about the Decade among policy makers, development practitioners and the public in general; serious implementation gaps in national laws and international conventions; and the lack of recognition of indigenous peoples rights.