This paper analyses the time - series' data of three integral components of mountain agriculture; food- grain crops, horicultural crops, and livestock of selective mountain provinces/states/region of Pakistan, India, and Nepal. The purpose is to examine the changes taking place in mountain agricultural systems over the past several years with implications for the future. The results indicate the increasing role of horticultural crops in the agricultural economy of mountain households. Nevertheless, declining productivity has raised concerns for long - term sustainability. On the other hand, the production of cereal food- grain crops has remained relatively stable although the areas has not increased. In livestock, buffaloes and goats are increasing, thus providing opportunities to mountain households to generate cash income. Based on the present trends, the implications for future development of mountain agriculture are discussed.
