Findings of a field survey on the interface between local people and wildlife in the Royal Chitwan National Park explore the potential for coexistence of wildlife and local people. Based on three distinct areas defined by their distance to the park, the complexities and dynamics of local people's perceptions, attitudes and motivation towards wildlife conservation are analyzed. The findings indicate that although local people disliked the restrictions imposed by the park authority, curtailing the use of park resources, they take a positive attitude to wildlife conservation. Their active involvement in protection and conservation could be secured if due consideration is given to their needs, which would have to be addressed in the overall planning and management of the park.