The project conducted by G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development is based on Environmental Services of major forest ecosystems such as oak and pine forests in Uttarakhand of Central Himalayan Region. The specific ES offered by these two forest types are different. Studies show that in Nanpapo village, oak forest is valued at Rs 87, 615 ($ 1864) /tonne of fuelwood/year, Rs. 40,964 ($872) /tonne of fodder/year and Rs. 10, 450 ($222)/tonne of manuring leaves/ year. In Naugaon village, the annual monetary value of a tonne of fuelwood, fodder, and bedding leaves extracted from pine forest has been estimated at Rs 16,500 ($351), 22,138 ($471) and 6,050 ($129) respectively for the entire village.
