The text of this article originally appeared as the final chapter of a brochure entitled Mountains and Climate Change - From Understanding to Action, prepared at the Centre for Development and Environment, University of Bern, Switzerland, for presentation by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) at a side event at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen on 12 December 2009. Chapters of the brochure deal with various aspects of climate change and its impact in mountain regions. This summary is written from the perspective of Swiss researchers and development experts.