This booklet discusses opportunities and challenges for gender equality in agriculture. Case stories from India, Nepal and Uganda illustrate some of the lessons learnt in agricultural interventions. Sector reforms and improved access to means of production are presented as windows of opportunities to improve the situation of women farmers. On the last pages of the booklet actions to include gender perspectives in policy development and support to gender equality activities in the agricultural sector are suggested. Booklet 5.4 on the private sector recommends actions of relevance to the agricultural sector as well.