In recent years, our knowledge about mountain areas has increased significantly, and many documents have underlined the need for further research. New research projects and initiatives and a new international journal - the Journal of Mountain Science - have emerged, and there are more and more books on mountain subjects. However, what are the benefits of this increased knowledge for the people who live in, and earn their livelihoods from, mountain areas? Do they have special needs for education? How can we integrate their traditional knowledge with science-based knowledge? How can the challenges of delivery to sparse populations with limited access to educational facilities be overcome?